Independent equity research · United States No sell-side conflicts. No AUM. Just the filings.
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The Margin of Safety Letter

Equity research built from the filing up, not the headline down.

We read the 10-Ks and 10-Qs, build the model, and write down the assumptions we used to get to fair value — so you can check our work instead of taking our word for it.

One free note most weeks. No spam, unsubscribe anytime. See our research disclaimer before relying on anything we publish.

What you get as a reader

  1. Full-length write-ups are free to read — the thesis, the risks, and the numbers behind them.
  2. Every report carries a plain Buy or Sell call, and the fair value calculator below is free for anyone to use.
  3. A monthly subscription tier is coming for additional, subscription-only reports — everything published today stays free.
RECENT COVERAGE
$MSFT Initiating coverage $AAPL Model update $NVDA Margin note $COST Thesis check-in

How a note gets written

METHOD

Start with the filing

Every note begins in the 10-K or 10-Q, not the press release. We flag where management's framing and the numbers in the footnotes disagree.

Build the model in the open

Revenue build, margin bridge, and a discounted cash flow with the growth and discount assumptions printed on the page — not buried in a black box.

Show the margin of safety

We compare our fair value estimate to the market price and say, plainly, how much cushion that leaves — and what would have to be true for us to be wrong.

Latest notes

View all research →
Sep 12, 2026
$MSFT · Initiating Coverage

Microsoft: what the Azure disclosures do and don't tell you

A walk through the segment reporting changes and what they imply for the durability of the cloud margin.

Buy
Sep 3, 2026
$AAPL · Model Update

Apple: services growth is doing more of the work than the multiple assumes

Updating the model for the latest 10-Q and testing how sensitive fair value is to the services mix assumption.

Buy
Aug 22, 2026
$COST · Thesis Check-In

Costco: membership economics revisited a year on

A shorter note checking last year's thesis against this year's numbers.

Sell

Sample entries shown for layout. Replace with your first published notes before launch.

Try the fair value model

TOOL

A simplified Gordon growth model. Enter your own assumptions for any company — this is an educational tool, not a live quote or a recommendation on a specific security.

ESTIMATED FAIR VALUE

Fair value = EPS × (1 + growth) ÷ (discount rate − growth). This single-stage model is a starting point, not a substitute for reading the filing. It breaks down when the discount rate is close to or below the growth rate.

Discount rate must be greater than the growth rate for this model to produce a result.

Get the next note when it publishes

Free, most weeks. The full write-up always goes to every subscriber — the model download is the only thing behind a paywall.